As per LTE EPS architecture, SCTP is used as the transport protocol for S1 and X2 control interfaces, i.e., S1-MME and X2-Control, where S1AP and X2AP are being used, respectively. The details of SCTP usage over these two interfaces is captured in TS36...

The Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) in the downlink carries Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACK/NACK) for uplink data transfers. PHICHs are located in the first OFDM symbol of each subframe. (Note that our discussion focuses on the...

RSRQ from the definition is similar to RX Qual or Ec/Io. This means it will give the ratio of useful energy to the total energy. Then why is the LTE fraternity moving away from using it as Ec/Io is used: To decide the best sector for the UE? To fully...

We discussed how PDCCHs are constructed from the CCEs in the control region of a subframe. Next, let's look at the PDCCH detection procedure; in other words, how a UE searches for the DCIs intended for it. The UE searches for possible resource...

The PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) in LTE carries UE-specific scheduling assignments for Downlink (DL) resource allocation, Uplink (UL) grants, PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) responses, UL power control commands, and common scheduling...

Almost always LTE is deployed as an overlay with 3G technology, that could be UMTS or CDMA2000. And then it is natural to compare the coverage between 3G and 4G. I have often seen that we try to compare the RSCP (Ec) and RSRP and realize that LTE provides...

We have discussed the preamble format configuration vs. the maximum cell radius during the random access procedure. For example, Preamble Format 0 supports a maximum cell radius of 14.5 km. Another random access parameter that affects the cell size is...

When we talk about the cell size, we usually think of RF coverage first. The cell radius is also related to the parameter configuration for the random access procedure, such as the preamble format and cyclic shift. Let's look at the preamble format...

Although the details obviously differ, all 3G and 4G mobile wireless data solutions share a common goal: drive data as fast as it can go, but no faster. In other words, these systems are designed to take into account the current RF conditions: the...

Before answering this question let's review the contents of the Master Information Block (MIB). You will find the definition of the MIB in the RRC specification, 36.331. It contains just three parameters: DL Bandwidth, PHICH Configuration and System...